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#!/usr/bin/python3
# flatdeb — build Flatpak runtimes from Debian packages
#
# Copyright © 2016-2017 Simon McVittie
# Copyright © 2017 Collabora Ltd.
#
# Partially derived from vectis, copyright © 2015-2017 Simon McVittie
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
# the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
# CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
# TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
"""
Create Flatpak runtimes from Debian packages.
- python3
- python3-gi
- python3-yaml
Requires (on worker, possibly the same machine as the host):
- flatpak-builder
- ostree
- sudo
- systemd-container
"""
import argparse
import json
import os
import re
import subprocess
from contextlib import ExitStack, suppress
from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
import yaml
from gi.repository import GLib
from flatdeb.worker import HostWorker, NspawnWorker, SshWorker, SudoWorker
class Builder:
"""
Main object
"""
def __init__(self):
#: The Debian suite to use
self.apt_suite = 'stretch'
#: The Flatpak branch to use for the runtime, or None for apt_suite
self.runtime_branch = None
#: The Flatpak branch to use for the app
self.app_branch = 'master'
#: The freedesktop.org cache directory
self.xdg_cache_dir = os.getenv(
'XDG_CACHE_DIR', os.path.expanduser('~/.cache'))
self.remote_repo = None
#: Where to write output
self.build_area = os.path.join(
self.xdg_cache_dir, 'flatdeb',
)
self.remote_build_area = None
self.repo = os.path.join(self.build_area, 'repo')
self.__dpkg_arch = None
self.flatpak_arch = None
self.__dpkg_arch_matches_cache = {}
self.suite_details = {}
self.runtime_details = {}
self.root_worker = None
self.worker = None
self.ostree_mode = 'archive-z2'
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@staticmethod
def get_flatpak_arch(arch=None):
"""
Return the Flatpak architecture name corresponding to uname
result arch.
If arch is None, return the Flatpak architecture name
corresponding to the machine where this script is running.
"""
if arch is None:
arch = os.uname()[4]
if re.match(r'^i.86$', arch):
return 'i386'
elif re.match(r'^arm.*', arch):
if arch.endswith('b'):
return 'armeb'
else:
return 'arm'
elif arch in ('mips', 'mips64'):
import struct
if struct.pack('i', 1).startswith(b'\x01'):
return arch + 'el'
return arch
@staticmethod
def other_multiarch(arch):
"""
Return the other architecture that accompanies the given Debian
architecture in a multiarch setup, or None.
"""
if arch == 'amd64':
return 'i386'
elif arch == 'arm64':
return 'armhf'
else:
return None
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@staticmethod
def dpkg_to_flatpak_arch(arch):
"""
Return the Flatpak architecture name corresponding to the given
dpkg architecture name.
"""
if arch == 'amd64':
return 'x86_64'
elif arch == 'arm64':
return 'aarch64'
elif arch in ('armel', 'armhf'):
return 'arm'
elif arch == 'powerpc':
return 'ppc'
elif arch == 'powerpc64':
return 'ppc64'
elif arch == 'powerpcel':
return 'ppcle'
elif arch == 'ppc64el':
return 'ppc64le'
return arch
@property
def dpkg_arch(self):
"""
The Debian architecture we are building a runtime for, such as
i386 or amd64.
"""
return self.__dpkg_arch
@dpkg_arch.setter
def dpkg_arch(self, value):
self.__dpkg_arch_matches_cache = {}
self.__dpkg_arch = value
def dpkg_arch_matches(self, arch_spec):
"""
Return True if arch_spec matches dpkg_arch (or
equivalently, if dpkg_arch is one of the architectures
described by arch_spec). For example, any-amd64 matches amd64
but not i386.
"""
if arch_spec not in self.__dpkg_arch_matches_cache:
exit_code = self.worker.call(
['dpkg-architecture', '--host-arch', self.dpkg_arch,
'--is', arch_spec])
self.__dpkg_arch_matches_cache[arch_spec] = (exit_code == 0)
return self.__dpkg_arch_matches_cache[arch_spec]
def run_command_line(self):
"""
Run appropriate commands for the command-line arguments
"""
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description='Build Flatpak runtimes',
)
parser.add_argument('--remote', default=None)
'--ostree-mode', default=self.ostree_mode,
)
parser.add_argument(
'--remote-ostree-mode', default=None,
parser.add_argument(
'--export-bundles', action='store_true', default=False,
)
parser.add_argument('--build-area', default=self.build_area)
parser.add_argument(
'--remote-build-area', default=self.remote_build_area,
)
parser.add_argument('--repo', default=self.repo)
parser.add_argument('--remote-repo', default=self.remote_repo)
parser.add_argument('--suite', '-d', default=self.apt_suite)
parser.add_argument(
'--architecture', '--arch', '-a', default=self.dpkg_arch)
parser.add_argument('--runtime-branch', default=self.runtime_branch)
subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest='command', metavar='command')
subparser = subparsers.add_parser(
'base',
help='Build a fresh base tarball',
)
subparser = subparsers.add_parser(
'runtimes',
help='Build runtimes',
)
subparser.add_argument('prefix')
subparser = subparsers.add_parser(
'app',
help='Build an app',
)
parser.add_argument('--app-branch', default=self.app_branch)
subparser.add_argument('prefix')
subparser = subparsers.add_parser(
'print-flatpak-architecture',
help='Print the Flatpak architecture',
)
args = parser.parse_args()
self.build_area = args.build_area
self.apt_suite = args.suite
self.repo = args.repo
self.remote_repo = args.remote_repo
self.export_bundles = args.export_bundles
if args.remote is not None:
self.worker = SshWorker(args.remote)
if self.remote_build_area is None:
self.remote_build_area = self.worker.check_output([
'sh', '-euc',
'mkdir -p "${XDG_CACHE_HOME:="$HOME/.cache"}/flatdeb"; '
'echo "$XDG_CACHE_HOME/flatdeb"',
]).decode('utf-8').rstrip('\n')
if self.remote_repo is None:
self.remote_repo = '{}/repo'.format(self.remote_build_area)
self.remote_ostree_mode = args.remote_ostree_mode
if self.remote_ostree_mode is None:
self.remote_ostree_mode = self.ostree_mode
else:
self.worker = HostWorker()
self.remote_build_area = self.build_area
self.remote_repo = self.repo
self.remote_ostree_mode = self.ostree_mode
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self.root_worker = SudoWorker(self.worker)
if args.architecture is None:
self.dpkg_arch = self.worker.check_output(
['dpkg-architecture', '-q', 'DEB_HOST_ARCH'],
).decode('utf-8').rstrip('\n')
else:
self.dpkg_arch = args.architecture
self.flatpak_arch = self.dpkg_to_flatpak_arch(self.dpkg_arch)
os.makedirs(self.build_area, exist_ok=True)
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(self.repo), exist_ok=True)
if args.command is None:
parser.error('A command is required')
with open(self.apt_suite + '.yaml') as reader:
self.suite_details = yaml.safe_load(reader)
getattr(
self, 'command_' + args.command.replace('-', '_'))(**vars(args))
def command_print_flatpak_architecture(self, **kwargs):
print(self.flatpak_arch)
@property
def apt_uris(self):
for source in self.suite_details['sources']:
yield source['apt_uri']
def command_base(self, **kwargs):
with ExitStack() as stack:
stack.enter_context(self.worker)
stack.enter_context(self.root_worker)
base_chroot = '{}/base'.format(self.root_worker.scratch)
argv = [
'env',
'http_proxy=http://192.168.122.1:3142',
'debootstrap',
'--variant=minbase',
'--arch={}'.format(self.dpkg_arch),
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]
if self.suite_details.get('can_merge_usr', False):
argv.append('--merged-usr')
keyring = self.suite_details['sources'][0].get('keyring')
if keyring is not None:
dest = '{}/{}'.format(
self.root_worker.scratch,
os.path.basename(keyring),
)
self.root_worker.install_file(os.path.abspath(keyring), dest)
argv.append('--keyring=' + dest)
argv.append(self.suite_details['sources'][0].get(
'apt_suite', self.apt_suite,
))
argv.append(base_chroot)
argv.append(self.suite_details['sources'][0]['apt_uri'])
script = self.suite_details.get('debootstrap_script')
if script is not None:
argv.append('/usr/share/debootstrap/scripts/' + script)
try:
self.root_worker.check_call(argv)
except:
with suppress(Exception):
self.root_worker.check_call([
'cat',
'{}/debootstrap/debootstrap.log'.format(base_chroot),
])
raise
self.configure_base(base_chroot)
self.configure_apt(base_chroot)
tarball = 'base-{}-{}.tar.gz'.format(
self.apt_suite,
self.dpkg_arch,
)
self.root_worker.check_call([
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'tar', '-zcf', '{}/{}'.format(
self.remote_build_area, tarball,
),
'-C', base_chroot,
'--exclude=./etc/.pwd.lock',
'--exclude=./etc/group-',
'--exclude=./etc/passwd-',
'--exclude=./etc/shadow-',
'--exclude=./home',
'--exclude=./root',
'--exclude=./tmp',
'--exclude=./var/cache',
'--exclude=./var/lock',
'--exclude=./var/tmp',
'.',
])
if not isinstance(self.worker, HostWorker):
output = os.path.join(self.build_area, tarball)
with open(output + '.new', 'wb') as writer:
self.root_worker.check_call([
'cat',
'{}/{}'.format(self.remote_build_area, tarball),
], stdout=writer)
os.rename(output + '.new', output)
def ensure_remote_repo(self):
self.worker.check_call([
'ostree',
'--repo=' + self.remote_repo,
'init',
'--mode={}'.format(self.remote_ostree_mode),
])
def ensure_local_repo(self):
subprocess.check_call([
'ostree',
'--repo=' + self.repo,
'init',
'--mode={}'.format(self.ostree_mode),
])
def command_runtimes(self, *, prefix, **kwargs):
if self.runtime_branch is None:
self.runtime_branch = self.apt_suite
# Be nice to people using tab-completion
if prefix.endswith('.yaml'):
prefix = prefix[:-5]
with open(prefix + '.yaml') as reader:
self.runtime_details = yaml.safe_load(reader)
tarball = 'base-{}-{}.tar.gz'.format(
self.apt_suite,
self.dpkg_arch,
)
with ExitStack() as stack:
stack.enter_context(self.worker)
stack.enter_context(self.root_worker)
base_chroot = '{}/base'.format(self.root_worker.scratch)
self.root_worker.check_call([
'install', '-d', base_chroot,
])
# TODO: Upload tarball from host to remote worker
'tar', '-zxf',
'{}/{}'.format(self.remote_build_area, tarball),
'-C', base_chroot,
'.',
])
# We do common steps for both the Platform and the Sdk
# in the base directory, then copy it.
self.configure_base(base_chroot)
platform_chroot = '{}/platform'.format(self.root_worker.scratch)
sdk_chroot = '{}/sdk'.format(self.root_worker.scratch)
self.root_worker.check_call([
'cp', '-a', '--reflink=auto', base_chroot, platform_chroot,
])
self.root_worker.check_call([
'mv', base_chroot, sdk_chroot,
])
self.ostreeify(
prefix,
platform_chroot,
)
self.ostreeify(
prefix,
sdk_chroot,
sdk=True,
)
self.worker.check_call([
'flatpak',
'build-update-repo',
self.remote_repo,
])
if self.export_bundles:
for suffix in ('.Platform', '.Sdk'):
'time',
'flatpak',
'build-bundle',
'--runtime',
self.remote_repo,
bundle = '{}-{}-{}.bundle'.format(
prefix + suffix,
self.flatpak_arch,
)
output = os.path.join(self.build_area, bundle)
with open(output + '.new', 'wb') as writer:
self.worker.check_call([
'cat',
'{}/bundle'.format(self.worker.scratch),
], stdout=writer)
os.rename(output + '.new', output)
def configure_apt(self, base_chroot):
"""
Configure apt. We only do this once, so that all chroots
created from the same base have their version numbers
aligned.
"""
with TemporaryDirectory(prefix='flatdeb-apt.') as t:
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# Set up the apt sources
to_copy = os.path.join(t, 'sources.list')
with open(to_copy, 'w') as writer:
for source in self.suite_details['sources']:
suite = source.get('apt_suite', self.apt_suite)
suite = suite.replace('*', self.apt_suite)
components = source.get(
'apt_components',
self.suite_details.get(
'apt_components',
['main']))
for prefix in ('deb', 'deb-src'):
writer.write('{} {} {} {}\n'.format(
prefix,
source['apt_uri'],
suite,
' '.join(components),
))
keyring = source.get('keyring')
if keyring is not None:
self.root_worker.install_file(
os.path.abspath(keyring),
'{}/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/{}'.format(
base_chroot,
os.path.basename(keyring),
),
)
self.root_worker.install_file(
to_copy,
'{}/etc/apt/sources.list'.format(base_chroot),
)
self.root_worker.check_call([
'rm', '-fr',
'{}/etc/apt/sources.list.d'.format(base_chroot),
])
with NspawnWorker(
self.root_worker,
base_chroot,
env=[
'DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive',
'http_proxy=http://192.168.122.1:3142',
],
) as nspawn:
nspawn.check_call([
'apt-get', '-y', '-q', 'update',
])
nspawn.check_call([
'apt-get', '-y', '-q', 'dist-upgrade',
])
def configure_base(self, base_chroot):
"""
Configure the common chroot that will be copied to make both the
Platform and the Sdk.
"""
with TemporaryDirectory(prefix='flatdeb-base-install.') as t:
# Disable starting services. This container has no init
# anyway.
to_copy = os.path.join(t, 'policy-rc.d')
with open(to_copy, 'w') as writer:
writer.write('#!/bin/sh\n')
writer.write('exit 101\n')
self.root_worker.install_file(
to_copy,
'{}/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d'.format(base_chroot),
permissions=0o755,
)
with open(to_copy, 'w') as writer:
writer.write('#!/bin/sh\n')
writer.write('exit 0\n')
self.root_worker.install_file(
to_copy,
'{}/sbin/initctl'.format(base_chroot),
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permissions=0o755,
)
# There is some cleanup that we can do in the base
# tarball rather than in every runtime individually.
# See https://github.com/debuerreotype/debuerreotype
# for further ideas.
to_copy = os.path.join(t, 'flatpak-runtime')
with open(to_copy, 'w') as writer:
writer.write('force-unsafe-io\n')
writer.write('path-exclude /usr/share/doc/*/*\n')
# For license compliance, we should keep the copyright
# files intact
writer.write('path-include /usr/share/doc/*/copyright\n')
self.root_worker.check_call([
'find', '{}/usr/share/doc'.format(base_chroot), '-xdev',
'-not', '-name', 'copyright', '-not', '-type', 'd',
'-delete'
])
self.root_worker.check_call([
'find', '{}/usr/share/doc'.format(base_chroot), '-depth',
'-xdev', '-type', 'd', '-empty', '-delete'
])
for d in (
'doc-base', 'groff', 'info', 'linda', 'lintian', 'man',
):
writer.write(
'path-exclude /usr/share/{}/*\n'.format(d),
)
self.root_worker.check_call([
'rm', '-fr', '{}/usr/share/{}'.format(base_chroot, d),
])
self.root_worker.check_call([
'install', '-d',
'{}/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d'.format(base_chroot),
])
self.root_worker.install_file(
to_copy,
'{}/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/flatpak-runtime'.format(base_chroot),
)
to_copy = os.path.join(t, 'flatpak-runtime')
with open(to_copy, 'w') as writer:
writer.write('Acquire::Languages "none";\n')
writer.write('Acquire::GzipIndexes "true";\n')
writer.write('Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: "gz";\n')
# TODO: This doesn't seem to be working in precise,
# is it newer?
writer.write('APT::InstallRecommends "false";\n')
writer.write(
'APT::AutoRemove::SuggestsImportant "false";\n')
# We rely on autoremove not taking effect immediately
writer.write('APT::Get::AutomaticRemove "false";\n')
writer.write('Aptitude::Delete-Unused "false";\n')
self.root_worker.check_call([
'install', '-d',
'{}/etc/apt/apt.conf.d'.format(base_chroot),
])
self.root_worker.install_file(
to_copy,
'{}/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/flatpak-runtime'.format(base_chroot),
)
if not self.runtime_details:
return
with NspawnWorker(
self.root_worker,
base_chroot,
env=[
'http_proxy=http://192.168.122.1:3142',
'DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive',
],
) as nspawn:
nspawn.check_call([
'install', '-d',
'/var/cache/apt/archives/partial',
'/var/lock',
])
other_arch = self.other_multiarch(self.dpkg_arch)
if ('add_packages_multiarch' in self.runtime_details and
other_arch is not None):
try:
nspawn.check_call([
'dpkg', '--add-architecture', other_arch,
])
except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
# Older syntax for Ubuntu precise
# https://wiki.debian.org/Multiarch/HOWTO
nspawn.check_call([
'sh', '-euc',
'echo "foreign-architecture $1" > ' +
'/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/architectures',
'sh', # argv[0]
other_arch,
])
nspawn.check_call([
'apt-get', '-y', 'update',
])
# We use aptitude to help prepare the Platform runtime, and
# it's a useful thing to have in the Sdk runtime
nspawn.check_call([
'apt-get', '-q', '-y',
'--no-install-recommends',
'install', 'aptitude',
])
# All packages will be removed from the platform runtime
# unless they are Essential, depended-on, or in the
# add_packages list.
nspawn.check_call([
'aptitude', '-y', 'markauto', '?installed'
])
# Ubuntu precise doesn't like apt being up for autoremoval.
nspawn.check_call([
'aptitude', '-y', 'unmarkauto', 'apt'
])
if ('add_packages_multiarch' in self.runtime_details and
other_arch is not None):
packages = [
p + ':' + other_arch
for p in self.runtime_details['add_packages_multiarch']
] + [
p + ':' + self.dpkg_arch
for p in self.runtime_details['add_packages_multiarch']
]
nspawn.check_call([
'apt-get', '-q', '-y', 'install',
packages = self.runtime_details.get('add_packages', [])
if packages:
nspawn.check_call([
'apt-get', '-q', '-y', 'install',
def sdkize(self, sdk_chroot):
"""
Transform a copy of the chroot into a Sdk runtime.
"""
sdk_details = self.runtime_details.get('sdk', {})
with NspawnWorker(
self.root_worker,
sdk_chroot,
env=[
'http_proxy=http://192.168.122.1:3142',
'DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive',
],
) as nspawn:
packages = sdk_details.get('add_packages', [])
if packages:
nspawn.check_call([
'apt-get', '-q', '-y', 'install',
script = sdk_details.get('post_script', [])
if script:
nspawn.check_call([
'sh', '-c', script,
])
nspawn.write_manifest()
installed = set(nspawn.check_output([
'dpkg-query', '--show', '-f', '${Package}\\n',
]).split())
return installed
def platformize(self, platform_chroot):
"""
Transform a copy of the chroot into a Platform runtime.
"""
platform_details = self.runtime_details.get('platform', {})
with NspawnWorker(
self.root_worker,
platform_chroot,
env=[
'http_proxy=http://192.168.122.1:3142',
# TODO: For the SteamRuntime this removes dbus,
# libsasl2-modules and python-debian and I have no idea why
#nspawn.check_call([
# 'aptitude', '-y', 'purge',
# '?and(?installed,?section(devel))',
# '?and(?installed,?section(libdevel))',
#])
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installed = set(nspawn.check_output([
'dpkg-query', '--show', '-f', '${Package}\\n',
]).split())
unwanted = []
for package in [
'aptitude',
'fakeroot',
'libfakeroot',
]:
if package in installed:
unwanted.append(package)
if unwanted:
nspawn.check_call([
'apt-get', '-y', 'purge', unwanted,
])
nspawn.check_call([
'apt-get', '-y', '--purge', 'autoremove',
])
installed = set(nspawn.check_output([
'dpkg-query', '--show', '-f', '${Package}\\n',
]).split())
unwanted = []
# These are Essential (or at least important) but serve no
# purpose in an immutable runtime with no init. Note that
# order is important: adduser needs to be removed before
# debconf.
for package in [
'adduser',
'apt',
'busybox-initramfs',
'debconf',
'debian-archive-keyring',
'e2fsprogs',
'gnupg',
'ifupdown',
'init',
'init-system-helpers',
'initramfs-tools',
'initramfs-tools-bin',
'initscripts',
'insserv',
'iproute',
'login',
'lsb-base',
'module-init-tools',
'mount',
'mountall',
'passwd',
'plymouth',
'systemd',
'systemd-sysv',
'sysv-rc',
'tcpd',
'ubuntu-archive-keyring',
'ubuntu-keyring',
'udev',
'upstart',
]:
if package in installed:
unwanted.append(package)
if 'perl' not in installed:
unwanted.append('perl-base')
if 'python' not in installed:
unwanted.append('python-minimal')
unwanted.append('python2.7-minimal')
if unwanted:
nspawn.check_call([
'dpkg', '--purge', '--force-remove-essential',
'--force-depends',
] + unwanted)
installed = set(nspawn.check_output([
'dpkg-query', '--show', '-f', '${Package}\\n',
]).split())
# We have to do this before removing dpkg :-)
nspawn.write_manifest()
# This has to be last for obvious reasons!
nspawn.check_call([
'dpkg', '--purge', '--force-remove-essential',
'--force-depends',
'dpkg',
])
return installed
def ostreeify(self, prefix, chroot, sdk=False, packages=()):
"""
Move things around to turn a chroot into a runtime.
"""
if sdk:
installed = self.sdkize(chroot)
else:
installed = self.platformize(chroot)
with NspawnWorker(
self.root_worker,
chroot,
) as nspawn:
nspawn.check_call([
'find', '/', '-xdev', '(',
'-lname', '/etc/alternatives/*', '-o',
'-lname', '/etc/locale.alias',
')', '-exec', 'sh', '-euc',
'set -e\n'
'while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do\n'
' if target="$(readlink -f "$1")"; then\n'
' echo "Making $1 a hard link to $target"\n'
' rm -f "$1"\n'
' cp -al "$target" "$1"\n'
' fi\n'
' shift\n'
'done'
'',
'sh', # argv[0] for the one-line shell script
'{}', '+',
])
self.root_worker.check_call([
'chmod', '-R', '--changes', 'a-s,o-t,u=rwX,og=rX', chroot,
])
self.root_worker.check_call([
'chown', '-R', '--changes', 'root:root', chroot,
])
self.root_worker.check_call([
'rm', '-fr', '--one-file-system',
'{}/usr/local'.format(chroot),
])
# Merge /usr the hard way, if necessary.
if not self.suite_details.get('can_merge_usr', False):
self.root_worker.check_call([
'time',
'chroot', chroot,
'sh',
'-euc',
'usrmerge () {\n'
' local f="$1"\n'
'\n'
' if [ "$(readlink "$f")" = "/usr$f" ]; then\n'
' echo "Removing $f in favour of /usr$f" >&2\n'
' rm -v -f "$f"\n'
' elif [ "$(readlink "/usr$f")" = "$f" ]; then\n'
' echo "Removing /usr$f in favour of $f" >&2\n'
' rm -v -f "/usr$f"\n'
' elif [ "$(readlink -f "/usr$f")" = \\\n'
' "$(readlink -f "$f")" ]; then\n'
' echo "/usr$f and $f are functionally identical" >&2\n'
' rm -v -f "$f"\n'
' else\n'
' echo "Cannot merge $f with /usr$f" >&2\n'
' exit 1\n'
' fi\n'
'}\n'
'\n'
'find /bin /sbin /lib* -not -xtype d |\n'
'while read f; do\n'